Why is my colostrum or breast milk brown? Rusty Pipe Syndrome

- Julie Matheney

Rusty Pipe Syndrome: When Your Milk Looks… Weird

So, you’re eagerly waiting for your milk to transition from colostrum to transitional milk, and—bam!—it suddenly has a pink or brownish tint. This sounds like rusty pipe syndrome, a totally harmless (and temporary!) quirk of early breastfeeding

Rusty Pipe Syndrome

• Happens when small amounts of blood mix with colostrum or early milk

• The name comes from the way it looks—kind of like water from an old pipe when you first turn it on

• Most common in first-time parents and usually resolves within a few days

WHY?!

Your milk-making factory (aka your mammary glands) goes through a huge increase in blood flow and development during pregnancy. Sometimes, tiny capillaries break as your body gears up for milk production, leading to that rusty tint.

Is It Safe for Baby?

Yep! Blood in milk isn’t harmful to your baby. Some babies may have slightly darker stools (or even spit up a little pink), but it’s not a cause for concern

How Long Does It Last?

Typically, it clears up within a few days as your milk transitions. If it lasts longer than a week or gets worse, it’s worth checking in with a lactation consultant or healthcare provider to rule out other causes

Important Note if You’re Pumping!

If you see blood in your milk after the first week or two of breastfeeding—especially if you’re pumping—it’s not rusty pipe syndrome. It’s usually due to:

• Pumping with the wrong flange size (too big)

• Suction set too high, causing nipple trauma

• Other causes like cracked nipples or irritation

If that’s happening, check your pump settings, make sure your flange size is correct, and reach out for support if needed!

When to Call for Help:

• If the discoloration persists beyond a week.

• If you notice a lot of fresh, bright red blood (which could indicate a nipple injury).

• If you have pain, swelling, or flu-like symptoms (which could mean an infection like mastitis).

Rusty pipe syndrome looks alarming, but it’s just one of those weird, normal things about breastfeeding. Your milk is still liquid gold, and your baby will be just fine!

Have you experienced this? Let me know in the comments! ⬇️

Low Milk Supply: When the root cause is Insufficient Glandular Tissue (IGT)

- Julie Matheney

Insufficient glandular tissue (IGT), also known as breast hypoplasia, occurs when the breast does not develop enough milk-producing glandular tissue during puberty or pregnancy. While the exact causes aren’t always clear, several factors are known or suspected to contribute to IGT:

Known or Suspected Causes of IGT:

1. Hormonal and Endocrine Conditions

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – May interfere with breast development due to hormonal imbalances.

• Thyroid Disorders – Hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s can impact lactation by affecting prolactin and milk production.

• Diabetes (Type 1, Type 2, or Gestational) – Insulin resistance may impact glandular tissue development.

• Insufficient Pregnancy Hormone Exposure – Conditions like luteal phase defects or low progesterone can impact breast growth.

2. Genetic Factors

• Some individuals may have inherited a tendency toward underdeveloped glandular tissue.

• Syndromes like Turner Syndrome or Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia may be associated with atypical breast development.

3. Breast Anatomy and Developmental Factors

• Hypoplastic (Underdeveloped) Breasts – Characterized by widely spaced, tubular, or asymmetrical breasts.

• Absence of Normal Breast Changes in Pregnancy – Lack of growth or tenderness may indicate limited glandular tissue.

4. Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors

• Chemicals such as BPA, phthalates, or pesticides may interfere with normal breast tissue development.

5. Surgical or Physical Trauma

• Breast Reduction or Augmentation Surgery – May remove or damage glandular tissue.

• Chest Trauma or Radiation Therapy – Can affect breast development, especially if occurring before puberty.

6. Unexplained or Multifactorial Causes

• Some cases of IGT have no clear cause, and it may result from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.

Implications for Breastfeeding

• People with IGT may have difficulty producing a full milk supply but can still breastfeed with supplementation if needed.

• Milk supply varies – Some with mild IGT can produce nearly enough milk, while others may struggle to produce any.

• Hormonal support (e.g., domperidone, metformin, or thyroid treatment) may help in some cases.

Managing breastfeeding with insufficient glandular tissue (IGT) can be challenging, but with the right strategies, many parents can still have a meaningful breastfeeding experience. The key is maximizing milk production, supplementing if needed, and protecting the breastfeeding relationship.

Strategies for Managing Breastfeeding with IGT

1. Maximize Milk Production

While IGT means fewer milk-producing glands, some strategies may help optimize output:

• Frequent, Effective Milk Removal – Nursing at least 10–12 times per day in the early weeks can stimulate any available glandular tissue.

• Pumping After Feeds – Using a high-quality double electric pump (or a hospital-grade pump) can help increase stimulation

• Breast Compressions – While nursing or pumping, gentle compression helps drain the breast more effectively.

• Skin-to-Skin Contact – Holding baby skin-to-skin can boost oxytocin and encourage more nursing sessions.

2. Consider Galactagogues (With Caution)

Some people with IGT find that certain medications or supplements help—but results vary:

• Prescription Medications

• Domperidone (where available) may increase prolactin levels and help some people with IGT.

• Metformin (often used for PCOS) may improve insulin sensitivity and support milk production.

• Thyroid medication (if hypothyroidism is present) can improve supply.

• Herbal Supplements (effects vary)

• Goat’s rue may support mammary tissue growth.

• Moringa, shatavari, or fenugreek may help, but response is unpredictable.

• Lecithin or sunflower lecithin can help prevent clogged ducts in those producing small amounts of milk.

⚠️ Note: Galactagogues are most effective when paired with frequent, effective milk removal. They won’t create glandular tissue where none exists.

3. Use an Effective Supplementation Plan

• Supplement as Needed – Many parents with IGT need to supplement to meet their baby’s needs.

• Consider an At-Breast Supplementer (SNS) – A supplemental nursing system (like an SNS or homemade tube system) allows baby to receive extra milk at the breast, maintaining the nursing relationship.

• Paced Bottle Feeding – If bottle-feeding, using paced feeding techniques helps maintain breastfeeding cues and prevents preference for fast milk flow.

4. Set Realistic Expectations and Find Support

• Define Breastfeeding Success for You – Some parents with IGT produce 10–50% of their baby’s needs, while others make little or no milk. Any amount of milk provides benefits!

• Lactation Consultant Support – Working with an IBCLC experienced in IGT can help tailor a feeding plan.

• Mental Health Matters – The emotional side of low milk supply is real. Find support from a lactation consultant, therapist, or peer group (like an IGT-specific support group).

5. Explore Alternative Feeding Options if Needed

• Exclusive Pumping – Some parents find this works better for their situation.

• Donor Milk – If supplementation is needed and human milk is a priority, donor milk (from a milk bank or trusted source) may be an option.

• Formula – If needed, formula is a tool that supports your baby’s nutrition, and using it doesn’t mean failure.

Final Thoughts

• Breastfeeding with IGT is possible but often looks different than the standard experience.

• Success isn’t just about ounces—maintaining the bond, offering comfort nursing, and doing what works for your family is just as important.

• Fed is best, but supported is better! Finding a provider who understands IGT can make all the difference.

Weighing baby before and after feeding to see how much they ate

- Julie Matheney

Pre- and Post-Breastfeeding Weight Checks: When, Why, and How to Do Them Correctly

Weighing a baby before and after a feeding—can be a useful tool in lactation care. But it’s not something every breastfeeding dyad needs. When used appropriately, pre- and post-feed weight checks can provide valuable insight into milk transfer. When used excessively or with improper technique, they can cause unnecessary anxiety.

When Should You Do Pre- and Post-Feed Weights?
• Concerns about milk transfer – If a baby is struggling to gain weight, feeding frequently but still showing signs of inadequate intake, or has signs of ineffective sucking.
• Premature or medically fragile infant– Babies with medical conditions may need closer monitoring to ensure they’re taking in enough milk.
• Suspected low supply or oversupply – Understanding how much milk a baby is transferring can help guide supplementation or block feeding strategies.
• Tracking feeding progress – In cases where parents need reassurance that their baby is getting enough, occasional test weights can provide peace of mind.

How to Perform a Pre- and Post-Feed Weight Check
1. Use a highly sensitive, hospital-grade scale – The scale should measure in grams, not just ounces, to detect small changes.

Why Precision Matters: Choosing the Right Scale

A hospital-grade scale with accuracy to 2-5 grams is essential because breastfed babies often transfer small but meaningful amounts of milk, especially in the first 3-4 weeks after. Since 1 gram = 1 mL of milk, a scale that only measures in ounces (where 1 oz = ~28.35 grams) lacks the precision needed to assess intake accurately. For example, if a baby transfers 20 mL (20 grams), a scale that rounds to the nearest 0.5 oz (15 grams) or full ounce (30 grams) may fail to detect intake entirely or overestimate by nearly 50%, leading to unnecessary concern or false reassurance. A highly sensitive scale ensures accurate tracking and better feeding decisions. The reason I prefer grams is the calculation is much more complicated when in pounds and ounces since it’s a scale of 16. If your scale says 6.5 pounds, that’s not 6 pounds 5 ounces. That’s 6 pounds and half a pound which is 8 ounces. Like when you order turkey at the deli. A quarter pound is 4 ounces. Your scale needs to acyuallly say pounds and ounces. And even then, that’s too much math for my brain.

2. Weigh baby in just a dry diaperClothing, blankets, and even a hat can change the reading.
3. Take the pre-feed weight – Place baby on the scale before feeding and record the weight in grams.
4. Breastfeed as usual – No adjustments, just a normal feeding session.
5. Take the post-feed weight – Weigh baby again immediately after the feed, using the same conditions (same dry diaper, no clothing added or removed).
6. Calculate the intake – The difference between the post-feed and pre-feed weights in grams equals the amount of milk transferred in milliliters (1 gram = 1 mL of milk). So let’s say the scale says 3.500 grams before baby feeds and then 3.560 grams after baby feeds. 3.560 minus 3.500 is 60. So the baby took 60grams. 30 grams is 1oz.

Things to Keep in Mind
• One feeding is just one data point – Milk intake varies throughout the day, so a single test weight doesn’t tell the full story.
• Not every baby needs it – If a baby is gaining well, feeding effectively, and meeting milestones, routine pre- and post-feed weights aren’t necessary.
• Weight fluctuations are normal – A few grams of variation from movement, diaper wetness, or scale sensitivity is expected

Pre- and post-feed weight checks are a valuable tool when used appropriately, but they should always be interpreted in the context of the baby’s overall growth, diaper output, and feeding behaviors. When in doubt, working with a skilled lactation consultant can help determine if and when they’re needed!

Insufficient Glandular Tissue and lack of breast milk

- Julie Matheney

Insufficient glandular tissue (IGT), also known as breast hypoplasia, occurs when the breast does not develop enough milk-producing glandular tissue during puberty or pregnancy. While the exact causes aren’t always clear, several factors are known or suspected to contribute to IGT:

Known or Suspected Causes of IGT:

1. Hormonal and Endocrine Conditions

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – May interfere with breast development due to hormonal imbalances.

• Thyroid Disorders – Hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s can impact lactation by affecting prolactin and milk production.

• Diabetes (Type 1, Type 2, or Gestational) – Insulin resistance may impact glandular tissue development.

• Insufficient Pregnancy Hormone Exposure – Conditions like luteal phase defects or low progesterone can impact breast growth.

2. Genetic Factors

• Some individuals may have inherited a tendency toward underdeveloped glandular tissue.

• Syndromes like Turner Syndrome or Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia may be associated with atypical breast development.

3. Breast Anatomy and Developmental Factors

• Hypoplastic (Underdeveloped) Breasts – Characterized by widely spaced, tubular, or asymmetrical breasts.

• Absence of Normal Breast Changes in Pregnancy – Lack of growth or tenderness may indicate limited glandular tissue.

4. Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors

• Chemicals such as BPA, phthalates, or pesticides may interfere with normal breast tissue development.

5. Surgical or Physical Trauma

• Breast Reduction or Augmentation Surgery – May remove or damage glandular tissue.

• Chest Trauma or Radiation Therapy – Can affect breast development, especially if occurring before puberty.

6. Unexplained or Multifactorial Causes

• Some cases of IGT have no clear cause, and it may result from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.

Implications for Breastfeeding

• People with IGT may have difficulty producing a full milk supply but can still breastfeed with supplementation if needed.

• Milk supply varies – Some with mild IGT can produce nearly enough milk, while others may struggle to produce any.

• Hormonal support (e.g., domperidone, metformin, or thyroid treatment) may help in some cases.

Managing breastfeeding with insufficient glandular tissue (IGT) can be challenging, but with the right strategies, many parents can still have a meaningful breastfeeding experience. The key is maximizing milk production, supplementing if needed, and protecting the breastfeeding relationship.

Strategies for Managing Breastfeeding with IGT

1. Maximize Milk Production

While IGT means fewer milk-producing glands, some strategies may help optimize output:

• Frequent, Effective Milk Removal – Nursing at least 10–12 times per day in the early weeks can stimulate any available glandular tissue.

• Pumping After Feeds – Using a high-quality double electric pump (or a hospital-grade pump) can help increase stimulation

• Breast Compressions – While nursing or pumping, gentle compression helps drain the breast more effectively.

• Skin-to-Skin Contact – Holding baby skin-to-skin can boost oxytocin and encourage more nursing sessions.

2. Consider Galactagogues (With Caution)

Some people with IGT find that certain medications or supplements help—but results vary:

• Prescription Medications

• Domperidone (where available) may increase prolactin levels and help some people with IGT.

• Metformin (often used for PCOS) may improve insulin sensitivity and support milk production.

• Thyroid medication (if hypothyroidism is present) can improve supply.

• Herbal Supplements (effects vary)

• Goat’s rue may support mammary tissue growth.

• Moringa, shatavari, or fenugreek may help, but response is unpredictable.

• Lecithin or sunflower lecithin can help prevent clogged ducts in those producing small amounts of milk.

⚠️ Note: Galactagogues are most effective when paired with frequent, effective milk removal. They won’t create glandular tissue where none exists.

3. Use an Effective Supplementation Plan

• Supplement as Needed – Many parents with IGT need to supplement to meet their baby’s needs.

• Consider an At-Breast Supplementer (SNS) – A supplemental nursing system (like an SNS or homemade tube system) allows baby to receive extra milk at the breast, maintaining the nursing relationship.

• Paced Bottle Feeding – If bottle-feeding, using paced feeding techniques helps maintain breastfeeding cues and prevents preference for fast milk flow.

4. Set Realistic Expectations and Find Support

• Define Breastfeeding Success for You – Some parents with IGT produce 10–50% of their baby’s needs, while others make little or no milk. Any amount of milk provides benefits!

• Lactation Consultant Support – Working with an IBCLC experienced in IGT can help tailor a feeding plan.

• Mental Health Matters – The emotional side of low milk supply is real. Find support from a lactation consultant, therapist, or peer group (like an IGT-specific support group).

5. Explore Alternative Feeding Options if Needed

• Exclusive Pumping – Some parents find this works better for their situation.

• Donor Milk – If supplementation is needed and human milk is a priority, donor milk (from a milk bank or trusted source) may be an option.

• Formula – If needed, formula is a tool that supports your baby’s nutrition, and using it doesn’t mean failure.

Final Thoughts

• Breastfeeding with IGT is possible but often looks different than the standard experience.

• Success isn’t just about ounces—maintaining the bond, offering comfort nursing, and doing what works for your family is just as important.

• Fed is best, but supported is better! Finding a provider who understands IGT can make all the difference.

Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex (DMER) vs Intrusive Thoughts

- Julie Matheney

Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex (D-MER) and intrusive thoughts can both be distressing experiences during breastfeeding, but they are distinct phenomena with different causes and characteristics. Here’s a breakdown of each, how they overlap, and how they differ:

What Is D-MER?

• Definition: D-MER is a physiological response to milk ejection (letdown) characterized by a sudden wave of negative emotions, such as sadness, anxiety, or anger.

• Cause: Thought to be linked to a sudden drop in dopamine during the letdown reflex, which is necessary to release prolactin for milk production.

• Key Features:

• Emotions are fleeting, lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes during or just before milk letdown.

• The feelings are tied directly to the act of breastfeeding or pumping, not external triggers.

• Mothers often describe it as a “doom-like” sensation.

• The feelings fade as the breastfeeding session progresses.

What Are Intrusive Thoughts During Breastfeeding?

• Definition: Intrusive thoughts are unwanted, involuntary thoughts or mental images that can be distressing. They often focus on fears of harm to the baby, inadequacy, or catastrophic events.

• Cause: Typically linked to postpartum mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder

• Key Features:

• Can occur at any time, not just during breastfeeding

• Not tied to a physiological reflex but rather psychological or emotional stress.

• The thoughts can feel persistent and overwhelming, even if they are fleeting.

• Often accompanied by feelings of guilt or shame for having the thoughts.

Key Differences Between D-MER and Intrusive Thoughts

Aspect D-MER Intrusive Thoughts

Trigger Milk letdown reflex. Psychological or emotional stress.

Duration Brief (30 seconds to 2 minutes). Can last minutes or longer; may recur.

Emotion Type Sudden, generalized dysphoria (sadness, anxiety, dread). Specific fears, often irrational (e.g., harm to baby).

Connection to Actions Does not provoke specific thoughts or fears of acting on emotions. May involve fears of acting on thoughts, though this is rare.

Cause Hormonal (dopamine drop during letdown). Psychological (linked to postpartum mental health).

Overlap Between D-MER and Intrusive Thoughts

Both can occur during breastfeeding and may contribute to a mother feeling overwhelmed or questioning her ability to cope. However, the underlying mechanisms are different, and the strategies for addressing them vary.

Red Flags to Distinguish Intrusive Thoughts From D-MER

1. When They Occur:

• If the distress arises only during milk letdown and fades quickly, it is likely D-MER.

• If it occurs outside of feeding or is tied to specific scenarios, it is likely intrusive thoughts.

2. Content:

• D-MER involves generalized dysphoria, not specific fears or scenarios.

• Intrusive thoughts often have vivid, specific, and sometimes graphic content.

3. Level of Distress:

• D-MER causes emotional discomfort but usually not panic or deep guilt.

• Intrusive thoughts can be deeply distressing, triggering anxiety or obsessive worry.

4. Impact on Bonding or Functioning:

• D-MER is unlikely to affect overall bonding with the baby.

• Intrusive thoughts may lead to avoidance of certain situations (e.g., not wanting to be alone with the baby).

How to Manage D-MER vs. Intrusive Thoughts

• For D-MER:

• Understanding It: Knowing it is a hormonal reflex can ease guilt or fear.

• Stay Hydrated and Eat Regularly: Stable blood sugar may help.

• Monitor Triggers: Some mothers find stress or caffeine can worsen symptoms.

• Seek Support: Talking to a lactation consultant who is familiar with D-MER can provide reassurance.

• For Intrusive Thoughts:

• Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help manage anxiety and reframe intrusive thoughts.

• Medication: Antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications may be helpful if symptoms are severe.

• Mindfulness Techniques: Grounding exercises can help reduce the impact of intrusive thoughts

• Talk About It: Sharing these thoughts with a trusted friend, partner, or therapist can help normalize the experience and reduce shame.

When to Seek Professional Help

• If you are unsure whether you’re experiencing D-MER or intrusive thoughts, consult a lactation consultant or mental health professional.

• Seek immediate help if you feel like you might act on harmful thoughts or if the distress is impacting your ability to care for your baby or yourself.

Remember

Neither D-MER nor intrusive thoughts mean you are a bad parent. Both are challenges that can be managed with the right support, and seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness. You’re not alone in this.

Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex (D-MER) and intrusive thoughts during breastfeeding are both distressing experiences, but they stem from different causes. D-MER is a physiological response to the letdown reflex caused by a sudden drop in dopamine. It brings on a brief wave of negative emotions—like sadness, anxiety, or dread—that last for a minute or two during or just before milk letdown. These feelings are tied directly to breastfeeding or pumping and fade quickly, without involving specific fears or scenarios. In contrast, intrusive thoughts are unwanted, involuntary mental images or ideas, often tied to fears of harm or inadequacy. They are psychological in origin, often linked to postpartum anxiety or depression, and may occur at any time, not just during breastfeeding.

While D-MER is hormonally driven and passes quickly, intrusive thoughts can feel persistent and distressing, sometimes interfering with bonding or daily life. If your experience involves fleeting negative emotions solely during letdown, it may be D-MER. However, if the thoughts are vivid, specific, and provoke intense guilt or fear—particularly if they feel constant or unmanageable—it could indicate a postpartum mental health condition. In either case, reaching out to a lactation consultant or mental health professional can provide clarity and support, helping you navigate these challenges without judgment.

Intrusive thoughts as a new parent

- Julie Matheney

Intrusive thoughts while breastfeeding are more common than many people realize and can be deeply distressing for parents who experience them. These thoughts often come out of nowhere, feel unwanted, and can cause feelings of guilt or fear. Here’s a breakdown of where they come from, what’s normal, and when to seek help:

What Are Intrusive Thoughts?

• Definition: Intrusive thoughts are unwanted, involuntary thoughts or images that pop into your mind. They can be bizarre, scary, or even disturbing.

• Common in New Parenthood: They often revolve around fears of harming your baby (accidentally or intentionally), your baby being harmed by others, or catastrophic events (e.g., dropping your baby or suffocating them during sleep).

Where Do Intrusive Thoughts Come From?

1. Hormonal Changes:

• Postpartum hormone shifts (like drops in estrogen and progesterone) can affect mood and thought patterns.

• Oxytocin, the “bonding hormone,” can heighten your emotional sensitivity and awareness, making you hyper-alert to perceived dangers.

2. Sleep Deprivation:

• Lack of sleep impacts mental health and increases anxiety, which can lead to more intrusive thoughts.

3. Heightened Responsibility:

• The intense responsibility of caring for a newborn can trigger fears about your ability to protect and care for them.

4. Postpartum Mental Health Conditions:

• Intrusive thoughts are common in postpartum anxiety (PPA), postpartum depression (PPD), or postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder (PPOCD).

5. Evolutionary Factors:

• Some researchers believe intrusive thoughts are an evolutionary “alarm system” designed to make parents vigilant about their baby’s safety.

What’s Normal vs. Concerning?

Normal Intrusive Thoughts:

• Brief and fleeting.

• Recognized as irrational or not aligned with your values.

• Do not lead to actions.

Red Flags:

• Thoughts are persistent and distressing, interfering with your ability to function or bond with your baby.

• You feel like you might act on the thoughts or cannot separate yourself from them.

• They are accompanied by other symptoms of postpartum mental health issues, such as:

• Intense anxiety or panic attacks.

• Feeling emotionally disconnected from your baby.

• Hopelessness, worthlessness, or excessive guilt.

• Difficulty eating, sleeping, or concentrating.

When to Seek Help

If intrusive thoughts are causing significant distress or you feel unsafe, reaching out to a healthcare provider is essential. Support options include:

• Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is especially effective for managing intrusive thoughts.

• Medication: Antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications may help in severe cases.

• Support Groups: Postpartum mental health groups can normalize your experience and provide coping strategies.

• Lactation Consultant: If breastfeeding itself feels like a trigger, a lactation consultant can help identify ways to make the experience more comfortable and manageable.

Tips for Managing Intrusive Thoughts

• Acknowledge and Label the Thoughts: Recognize them as intrusive, not reflective of your true feelings.

• Practice Self-Compassion: You are not a bad parent for having these thoughts. They are not your fault.

• Talk to Someone: Confiding in a trusted friend, partner, or therapist can ease the shame and isolation.

• Grounding Techniques: Mindfulness, breathing exercises, or engaging in sensory activities (like holding a warm cup of tea) can redirect your focus.

• Prioritize Sleep and Nutrition: Even small improvements in self-care can make a big difference.

Intrusive thoughts can feel scary, but they don’t define you as a parent. With support and care, they can be managed and often resolved. You’re not alone, and help is available.

Why does my baby’s poop change around the holidays?

- Julie Matheney

Holiday Feasts and Baby Poop: What’s the Connection?

As the holidays roll around, we tend to indulge in all the seasonal goodies—think mashed potatoes, stuffing, pies, and countless treats. While your baby might not be joining you for a plate of turkey just yet, the changes in your diet can have a surprising impact on their digestive system. If you’ve noticed shifts in your baby’s poop during the holiday season, you’re not imagining it!

•Breast milk reflects what you eat: The flavors, nutrients, and even some compounds in the food you enjoy make their way into your breast milk. Rich, indulgent meals or an increase in dairy, spices, or sugary treats can subtly alter your milk’s composition. This exposes your baby to your family diet and is natures way of getting them ready for a wide variety in their diet

•While most babies tolerate variations in mom’s diet well, some may experience changes in poop color, consistency, or frequency. Green or looser than normal stools are common, but temporary, around the holidays

While poop changes are typically harmless and temporary, keep an eye out for these red flags:

• Blood or mucus in the stool

• Diarrhea lasting more than a day or two

• Hard, pellet-like stools (sign of constipation)

• Signs of discomfort or fussiness during bowel movements

How to Help Your Baby’s Tummy Through the Holidays

• Stay hydrated: If you’re breastfeeding, drink plenty of water (especially with all the salty holiday foods!)

• Balance indulgent foods: Incorporate fruits, veggies, and other fiber-rich options into your meals

• Go slow with new foods: If your baby is sampling solids, introduce one or two new items at a time to avoid overwhelming their system

Holiday meals are a joyful time to gather with loved ones and enjoy delicious food. And yes, your baby’s poop may tell the tale of your holiday indulgences—but it’s all part of the adventure! If you have any concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out to your pediatrician or lactation consultant for guidance.

Cheers to a healthy (and happy pooping) holiday season!

Cup feeding baby when they refuse a bottle

- Julie Matheney

Cup Feeding: An Alternative When Baby Refuses a Bottle

Picture this: you’ve tried every bottle shape, nipple flow, and feeding position, and your baby still looks at you like, “Nah, I’m good.” If you’re heading back to work and your baby won’t take a bottle, don’t panic—you’ve got options! One great alternative is cup feeding. Yep, feeding a baby with a tiny cup isn’t just adorable—it’s practical, too!

What is Cup Feeding?

Cup feeding involves offering small sips of milk to your baby from an open or specially designed infant cup. It’s a tried-and-true method often used in hospitals for preemies or babies who can’t latch, and it can work wonders when bottles aren’t cutting it. Plus, it doesn’t interfere with breastfeeding, which is a win-win!

Why Try Cup Feeding?

🍼 No bottle drama: If your baby is rejecting bottles, cup feeding can bypass the entire issue.

👶 Preserves breastfeeding skills: Unlike bottles, cups don’t require sucking, so babies can go back to the breast without confusion.

⏳ Temporary solution: It’s a great option while your baby is learning to accept a bottle—or it might even become your go-to feeding method!

How to Start Cup Feeding

1. Choose the right cup

You can use a small open cup (like a shot glass or a medicine cup) or a silicone baby training cup. Some parents like using soft, flexible cups designed specifically for cup feeding.

2. Get comfy

Hold your baby upright, with their head supported. Place the cup at their lower lip and tilt it just enough for the milk to reach the edge—don’t pour it into their mouth! Let your baby lap or sip the milk at their own pace. (Spoiler: It might get messy at first. That’s normal!)

3. Be patient

It may take a few tries before your baby gets the hang of it, but most babies figure it out pretty quickly. Remember, they only need small sips at a time.

4. Go slow and steady

Cup feeding isn’t about speed—it’s about letting your baby take in just enough milk without overwhelming them. Watch for their cues, and don’t worry if it’s slow-going at first.

How Much Milk Should You Offer?

While newborns may only take ½ to 1 oz per feeding, older babies can manage a full 2–5 oz feeding with this method. Offer what you would normally give in a bottle, based on your baby’s age and hunger cues.

Final Thoughts

Cup feeding can be a lifesaver if you’re heading back to work and bottles just aren’t happening. It’s a flexible, gentle option that helps your baby get the milk they need without interfering with breastfeeding. Plus, it’s a cool party trick—who knew your baby could drink from a cup before they could even crawl?

Like anything with babies, cup feeding takes practice and patience, but you’ve got both in spades. Trust yourself, trust your baby, and keep doing what works best for your family. You’ve got this!

Will pacifiers sabotage my breastfeeding journey?

- Julie Matheney

Pacifiers can be a helpful tool in soothing a fussy baby, but figuring out how and when to introduce one can feel a bit tricky. Newborns tend to just spit them out and they can’t put them back in by themselves

If you’re breastfeeding, it’s generally recommended to wait until breastfeeding is well-established (around 3-4 weeks), but babies don’t read the manuals. It’s okay to use one sooner if it helps with baby’s digestion or transitioning to sleep after a full feeding

Tips for Introducing a Pacifier:

⏰Pick the Right Moment

Timing is everything. Try offering the pacifier when your baby is calm but looking for comfort—after a feeding, during a diaper change meltdown, or in the car seat during a dreaded red light stop

🛑 Don’t Force It

If your baby spits it out or gags, it’s okay. Try again later or in a different setting. Babies need time to learn the oral motor skills to keep a pacifier in their mouth

👄 If your baby starts spitting out the pacifier right away, it’s because they haven’t created the vacuum in their mouth to keep it in yet. Try holding it gently in their mouth for a few seconds and giving a little wiggle to stimulate their suck reflex. Often, they just need a moment to latch on

The Pacifier and Feeding Balance

One common worry is that pacifiers will interfere with feeding. While this can happen if pacifier use replaces feeding cues, offering the pacifier after feeding or when your baby is full ensures they’re still getting the nourishment they need. If you’re unsure, watch your baby’s feeding behavior closely—babies have a way of letting you know when they want the real deal.

Pacifiers aren’t for every baby (or every family), but if they work for you, they can be a lifesaver during those long nights and cranky afternoons. And if your baby decides they’re not into it? That’s okay too—you’ll find your own soothing rhythm together

As always, trust your gut, trust your baby, and do what works best for your family. You’ve got this!

THC and breast milk

- Julie Matheney

Navigating the journey of motherhood often brings up questions about lifestyle choices and their impact on your baby, especially when it comes to breastfeeding. One topic that frequently arises is the use of marijuana during this period. Let’s explore the current understanding, based on recent research, to help you make informed decisions.

Transfer of THC into Breast Milk

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component in cannabis, is known to transfer into breast milk. Studies have shown that exclusively breastfeeding infants may ingest an estimated average of 2.5% of the maternal THC dose, with some variations ranging from 0.4% to 8.7%  . This transfer occurs because THC is highly fat-soluble, allowing it to accumulate in breast milk.

Duration of THC Presence in Breast Milk

Research indicates that THC can be detectable in breast milk for extended periods. A study led by Washington State University found that even after mothers abstained from cannabis use for 12 hours, THC remained present in their breast milk  . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that THC can be present in breast milk for up to six days after use, with some studies suggesting even longer durations  .

Potential Impacts on Infant Health

The long-term effects of THC exposure through breast milk are not yet fully understood. Some studies have raised concerns about potential impacts on infant development, including delayed motor development  . Additionally, research has observed changes in the composition of breast milk among cannabis users, such as increased lactose levels and decreased levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), which plays a crucial role in the infant’s immune system  .

Guidelines and Recommendations

Given the current state of research, many health organizations advise caution. The CDC recommends that breastfeeding mothers avoid marijuana use due to the potential risks to the infant  . Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics discourages the use of cannabis products while breastfeeding.

Balancing Information and Personal Choice

As mothers, we strive to make the best choices for our children, often weighing various factors and information. While some data suggests minimal transfer of THC to the infant, the lack of comprehensive studies on long-term effects means caution is advisable. It’s essential to consider the current research, consult with healthcare providers, and reflect on your unique circumstances when making decisions about marijuana use during breastfeeding.

Remember, every mother’s journey is personal, and seeking guidance from trusted healthcare professionals can provide support tailored to your situation.

Here are the sources cited in APA format based on the information provided:

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Marijuana use while breastfeeding. CDC. Retrieved January 16, 2025, from https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/vaccine-medication-drugs/marijuana.html

2. Hale, T. W., & Rowe, H. E. (2022). Medications and mothers’ milk (19th ed.). Springer Publishing Company.

3. National Center for Biotechnology Information. (n.d.). The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research. Retrieved January 16, 2025, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501587/

4. Public Library of Science. (2024). THC transfer into breast milk: A review of studies and emerging research. PLOS ONE.

5. Washington State University. (2024, May 8). THC lingers in breastmilk with no clear peak point. WSU News. Retrieved January 16, 2025, from https://news.wsu.edu/press-release/2024/05/08/thc-lingers-in-breastmilk-with-no-clear-peak-point/

6. Wymore, E. M., Palmer, C., Wang, G. S., Metz, T. D., Bourne, D., & Sempio, C. (2021). Marijuana use in breastfeeding mothers and its impact on lactation outcomes. Breastfeeding Medicine, 16(3), 184–191.